This Indicator measures the age-adjusted rate of chronic diseases preventable hospitalizations. “Preventable hospitalizations” are inpatient hospital stays that could have been avoided with improved access to and quality of outpatient care. They are measured by prevention quality indicators (PQIs). PQI #92, the chronic composite, is a summary measure which captures preventable hospitalizations from diabetes-related, respiratory-related and circulatory system-related preventable hospitalizations for adults, such as uncontrolled diabetes, asthma, and heart failure.(Source:http://www.healthyalamedacounty.org/indicators/index/view?indicatorId=2480&locale Id=238)

This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed. Data is from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015.

This Indicator measures the rate of homicides in Oakland by race/ethnicity. Rate is calculated as the number of homicides per 100,000 people of the same race/ethnicity (of any age).

This Indicator measures the percent of renter households that are considered rent burdened by the race/ethnicity of the householder. Households that rent their homes are considered to be cost burdened when a household spends more than 30% of its annual household income on rent.

Pollution burden is calculated by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s CalEnviroScreen 3.0. This tool measures pollution burden as a combined score that includes Indicators of potential exposures to pollutants and environmental conditions (e.g., ozone, pesticides, toxic releases, traffic, hazardous waste). The pollution burden scores are averaged by majority race/ethnicity of Oakland census tracts.

Unemployment is measured by the percent of the labor force that is unemployed. The labor force includes all individuals aged 16 and older who are either employed or unemployed and looking for work. Individuals in the armed forces are excluded from this measure.

This Indicator measures median household income by the race/ethnicity of householders.

Bus frequency is measured as the average number of buses per hour along routes in and surrounding census tracts. For this Indicator, 100ft buffers were created around each group of census tracts in order to capture bus routes that did not fall completely inside census tract boundaries but were still important to include because they were very close. For each group of census tracts, bus frequency was averaged, taking into account the length of the route.

This Indicator measures the rate of adult felony arrests by race/ethnicity adjusted for population. Rate is calculated as the number of adult felony arrests per 100,000 people of each race/ethnicity that are 18 years of age and older. To determine the number of adults of each race/ethnicity in Oakland, we took the population by race/ethnicity for all ages and multiplied by the percent of Oakland’s population that is 18 and over (80.33%). This approach was necessary due to the lack of exact data available on the 18 and over population in Oakland by race/ethnicity.

This Indicator measures the percent of the population living at or below the federal poverty level, as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (Source: https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines)

This Indicator measures the rate of use of force on subjects per 100,000 people in Oakland by race/ethnicity. Note: There were 10 incidents of use of force that were on a crowd. For these incidents, the number and race/ethnicity of subjects were not available. Therefore, each was counted as one incident in the Citywide total. This will somewhat undercount the true total of people subjected to use of force and will potentially misrepresent the true racial and ethnic breakdown as well.