Energy cost burden is measured by the amount spent on electricity, gas, and other fuel, as a percent of household income. This Indicator measures the median energy cost burden by the race/ethnicity of householders. Householders whose energy costs were included in rent or condominium fees were excluded from this analysis.

This Indicator measures the age adjusted rate of acute preventable hospitalizations. “‘Preventable hospitalizations’ are inpatient hospital stays that could have been avoided with improved access to and quality of outpatient care. They are measured by prevention quality indicators (PQIs). PQI #91, the acute composite, is a summary measure which includes bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and dehydration preventable hospitalizations for adults. ”(Source:http://www.healthyalamedacounty.org/indicators/index/view?indicatorId=2480&localeId=2 38)

This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed. Data is from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015.

This Indicator measures severe mental illness related emergency department visits per 100,000 by race/ethnicity, from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015. Severe mental illness is often defined by its length of duration and the disability it produces. These illnesses include disorders that produce psychotic symptoms, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and severe forms of other disorders, such as major depression and bipolar disorder.

This Indicator measures the percent of storm drains that have not been adopted through Oakland’s Adopt a Drain Program. Through this program, volunteers help to clean storm drain inlets throughout the city. This Indicator measures disparities in program participation by the majority race/ethnicity of census tracts.

This Indicator measures the percent of renter households that are considered rent burdened by the race/ethnicity of the householder. Households that rent their homes are considered to be cost burdened when a household spends more than 30% of its annual household income on rent.

This Indicator measures the percent of individuals who live in housing units that do not have complete plumbing facilities. Complete plumbing facilities include hot and cold water and a bathtub or shower.

This Indicator measures the rate of discretionary stops per 1,000 people in Oakland by race/ethnicity. “In 2016 through 2017, officers were required to complete stop data forms after every discretionary detention or arrest, and discretionary encounters in which a search or request to search occurred. Discretionary stops and searches exclude detentions and arrests that occurred as the result of a dispatched call for service, a citizen request, or for stops occurring pursuant to search warrants.” (Source: Oakland Police Department’s 2016- 2017 Stop Data Report)

This Indicator measures the rate of felony arrests of juveniles by race/ethnicity adjusted for population. This Indicator is measured for Oakland. Rate is calculated as the number of juvenile felony arrests per 100,000 people of each race/ethnicity that are under 18 years of age. To determine the number of juveniles of each race/ethnicity in Oakland, we took the population by race/ethnicity for all ages and multiplied by the percent of Oakland’s population that is under 18 (19.67%). This approach was necessary due to the lack of exact data available on the under 18 population in Oakland by race/ethnicity.

The measurement is percent of teachers who were paid on salary steps 1-5 at OUSD schools (data from charters and private schools were not available). Salary steps are a proxy for teaching experience, as teachers move one step up the salary schedule for each year of teaching. In theory, teachers on salary steps 1-5 have between 1-5 years of teaching experience (not just in OUSD, but anywhere). However, it is important to note that salary steps are just a proxy and not always exactly equal to years of teaching experience.

Percents are then calculated at the school level by dividing the number of teachers on salary steps 1-5 by the total number of teachers at that school. Schools are placed into groups based on the racial and ethnic breakdown of their student population (see note below data table for full explanation of grouping). Average percent of teachers on salary steps 1-5 is then calculated for each group of schools.

This Indicator measures access to different types of financial institutions by zip code. “Good” institutions include banks, credit unions, and savings institutions. “Bad” institutions include check cashing services, money transfer services, and payday loan institutions. The ratio between the number of bad institutions and the number of good institutions is calculated for each zip code. A higher ratio of bad-to-good institutions means that there are disproportionately more bad institutions in a given zip code. The Indicator then measures the ratio of these ratios, comparing zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non- White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed.