This Indicator measures the age adjusted rate of acute preventable hospitalizations. “‘Preventable hospitalizations’ are inpatient hospital stays that could have been avoided with improved access to and quality of outpatient care. They are measured by prevention quality indicators (PQIs). PQI #91, the acute composite, is a summary measure which includes bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and dehydration preventable hospitalizations for adults. ”(Source:http://www.healthyalamedacounty.org/indicators/index/view?indicatorId=2480&localeId=2 38)

This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed. Data is from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015.

This Indicator measures the rate of discretionary stops per 1,000 people in Oakland by race/ethnicity. “In 2016 through 2017, officers were required to complete stop data forms after every discretionary detention or arrest, and discretionary encounters in which a search or request to search occurred. Discretionary stops and searches exclude detentions and arrests that occurred as the result of a dispatched call for service, a citizen request, or for stops occurring pursuant to search warrants.” (Source: Oakland Police Department’s 2016- 2017 Stop Data Report)

The measurement is percent of children within OUSD who are chronically absent. Chronic absence is defined as an attendance rate of 90% or less (missing 18 or more days in a 180 day school year), regardless of whether the absences are excused or unexcused. It is not the same as Truancy. Alternative Education schools are not included in the data.

This Indicator measures the rate of felony arrests of juveniles by race/ethnicity adjusted for population. This Indicator is measured for Oakland. Rate is calculated as the number of juvenile felony arrests per 100,000 people of each race/ethnicity that are under 18 years of age. To determine the number of juveniles of each race/ethnicity in Oakland, we took the population by race/ethnicity for all ages and multiplied by the percent of Oakland’s population that is under 18 (19.67%). This approach was necessary due to the lack of exact data available on the under 18 population in Oakland by race/ethnicity.

The measurement is percent of teachers who were paid on salary steps 1-5 at OUSD schools (data from charters and private schools were not available). Salary steps are a proxy for teaching experience, as teachers move one step up the salary schedule for each year of teaching. In theory, teachers on salary steps 1-5 have between 1-5 years of teaching experience (not just in OUSD, but anywhere). However, it is important to note that salary steps are just a proxy and not always exactly equal to years of teaching experience.

Percents are then calculated at the school level by dividing the number of teachers on salary steps 1-5 by the total number of teachers at that school. Schools are placed into groups based on the racial and ethnic breakdown of their student population (see note below data table for full explanation of grouping). Average percent of teachers on salary steps 1-5 is then calculated for each group of schools.

This Indicator measures the percent of students who are still enrolled in high school after four years. Data is also provided on percent who graduated/completed high school within four years and percent who dropped out. The most recent year of OUSD graduation data is from 2015-16, so the cohort began 9th grade in 2012-13. Students who leave OUSD (but not from dropping out) are removed from the cohort, and students who enroll after 9th grade are added. GED completion and Special Ed Certification are included as types of completion.

Unemployment is measured by the percent of the labor force that is unemployed. The labor force includes all individuals aged 16 and older who are either employed or unemployed and looking for work. Individuals in the armed forces are excluded from this measure.

This Indicator measures severe mental illness related emergency department visits per 100,000 by race/ethnicity, from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015. Severe mental illness is often defined by its length of duration and the disability it produces. These illnesses include disorders that produce psychotic symptoms, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and severe forms of other disorders, such as major depression and bipolar disorder.

The measurement is the rate of teachers per 1,000 students of the same race/ethnicity in OUSD, in other words how representative are the teachers of the student population? Numbers of teachers and students were calculated from percents of the total number given in OUSD’s Fast Facts report.

This Indicator measures the percent of storm drains that have not been adopted through Oakland’s Adopt a Drain Program. Through this program, volunteers help to clean storm drain inlets throughout the city. This Indicator measures disparities in program participation by the majority race/ethnicity of census tracts.