This Indicator measures the likelihood of individuals living in overcrowded housing, which is defined as housing units that have more than 1.5 people per room. Persons-per-room is the most common measure for overcrowding in housing, and 1.5 is a widely accepted threshold above which there are impacts on health and personal safety. (Source: https://www.huduser.gov/publications/pdf/measuring_overcrowding_in_hsg.pdf)

The measurement is percent of children within OUSD who are chronically absent. Chronic absence is defined as an attendance rate of 90% or less (missing 18 or more days in a 180 day school year), regardless of whether the absences are excused or unexcused. It is not the same as Truancy. Alternative Education schools are not included in the data.

This Indicator measures the age-adjusted rate of asthma-related emergency department visits per 100,000 children under 5 years of age. Data is from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015.

This Indicator measures the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births from 2014- 2016.

This Indicator measures housing habitability complaints as a percent of total housing units by zip code as reported to the Oakland Code Enforcement Division. This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed.

The measurement is percent of students by race/ethnicity who are not high school ready by the end of 8th grade. High school readiness is calculated by OUSD. A student is considered high school ready when all of the following have been met at the end of 8th grade: 1) Total weighted GPA of 2.5 of better, 2) School Attendance 96% or better, 3) No “Ds” or “Fs” in their core English and Math course grades in 8th grade, 4) No suspensions in 8th grade.

Jail incarceration rates are measured by the number of incarcerated individuals in jail per 100,000 population aged 18-69. This Indicator is measured for Alameda County, and the most recently available data is from 2015.

This Indicator measures the percent of the population that does not have health insurance coverage by race/ethnicity.

This Indicator measures access to different types of financial institutions by zip code. “Good” institutions include banks, credit unions, and savings institutions. “Bad” institutions include check cashing services, money transfer services, and payday loan institutions. The ratio between the number of bad institutions and the number of good institutions is calculated for each zip code. A higher ratio of bad-to-good institutions means that there are disproportionately more bad institutions in a given zip code. The Indicator then measures the ratio of these ratios, comparing zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non- White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed.

This Indicator measures the percent of householders who do not own their homes. The percent of householders living in owner-occupied units does not consider other properties that may be owned by individuals within the household. This Indicator measures whether the householder owns the unit in which s/he lives.