Voter turnout is measured by the percent of registered voters that voted in the 2016 general election. This Indicator measures geographic disparities by City Council District. For a map of the City Council Districts, see here: http://www2.oaklandnet.com/oakca1/groups/ceda/documents/image/oak044524.pdf.

The affordable housing crisis affects communities around the country, and Oakland is no exception. While many Oaklanders struggle to afford their homes, racial and ethnic minorities face particular challenges in access to affordable housing. The three Indicators in this Topic measure access to stable housing through homeownership, access to financial resources in the form of home loans, and access to rental housing that does not cost more than 30% of household income.

The Program Access Topic includes three Indicators that measure racial and ethnic disparities in AP course enrollment, Linked Learning Pathway enrollment, and suspensions. The first Indicator measures disparities in AP course enrollment between African Americans and Whites. The second Indicator measures disparities in Linked Learning Pathway enrollment between African Americans and Asians. The third Indicator measures disparities in suspension rates between African Americans and Asians.

A lack of essential services can have a significant impact on the daily lives of residents. The three Indicators in this Topic measure three different types of essential services: plumbing facilities, energy (i.e., electricity, gas), and high-speed Internet. Plumbing facilities are necessary for the basic functions of a home, energy costs should not place too large a burden on households and families, and high-speed Internet has become a crucial component of work, school, and social life.

Homelessness is measured by number of homeless individuals per 100,000 individuals in the general population. Homelessness data was available by race and ethnicity, separately. Both sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals are captured in the homelessness counts, to provide a fuller picture of the homeless population.

The three Indicators in the Transportation and Infrastructure Topic measure the different ways Oaklanders travel in the city. The first Indicator measures racial and ethnic disparities in car access, which is important due to the heavy reliance on cars for commuting to work, school, and other places. The second Indicator measures the frequency of buses along each segment of the network and compares majority non-White/mixed and majority African American census tracts. The third Indicator is a citywide measurement of curb ramps that are accessible to individuals with limited mobility, including seniors and those with physical disabilities.

Physical and mental health encompasses a wide range of health outcomes and can be measured in many different ways. The Indicators in this Topic were chosen to reflect important public health issues that are not captured in other Topics in the Public Health Theme. The first two Indicators measure visits to the emergency department for severe mental illness and for substance abuse. The third Indicator measures new HIV diagnoses in Alameda County. In all three of these Indicators, the greatest disparities are between African American and Asian Oaklanders.

The Access to Preventive Care Topic includes two Indicators that measure preventable hospitalizations related to acute and chronic disease, and one that measures health insurance. Non-White Oaklanders are more likely to be hospitalized for conditions that could have been prevented by having better access to preventive care. They are also more likely to be uninsured, which is a major deterrent to accessing preventive health services. Poverty and immigration status may make it even more likely for racial and ethnic minorities to lack insurance and forego needed care.

This Indicator measures the percent of streets that are in the High Injury Network for pedestrians over the five year period 2012-2016. This subset of the High Injury Network includes streets with the highest concentration of severe and fatal pedestrian injuries. The Indicator takes into account the length of each street segment in both the High Injury Network and the overall street network.

This Indicator measures the rate of eviction notice filings per 1,000 housing units that are renter-occupied. The Indicator compares census tracts by their majority race/ethnicity.