Energy cost burden is measured by the amount spent on electricity, gas, and other fuel, as a percent of household income. This Indicator measures the median energy cost burden by the race/ethnicity of householders. Householders whose energy costs were included in rent or condominium fees were excluded from this analysis.

This Indicator measures the percent by race/ethnicity of Prime contractors for construction and professional services contracts who received under $100,000. Additional data is provided on the average amount received by these contractors. Data is from fiscal year 2015-16 and the date used to assign contracts to a fiscal year is the date that the compliance analysis was completed, or the review date. The dollar amounts represent the initial award; any negotiated bid amounts or change orders are not taken into account. The initial award is adjusted to how much of the total contract went to the Prime as opposed to Subprime contractors.

The measurement is percent of teachers who turned over between the 2016-17 and 2017-18 school years at OUSD schools (data from charters and private schools were not available). Turnover percents are calculated at a school level out of the total number of teachers at that school. Schools are placed into groups based on the racial and ethnic breakdown of their student population (see note below data table for full explanation of grouping). Average teacher turnover percent is then calculated for each group of schools.

This Indicator measures what percent of 12th grade students have never taken an AP course throughout high school. OUSD collects data on the cumulative enrollment of 12th graders in AP courses by race/ethnicity, i.e. how many AP courses have they taken at any point in high school? Advanced Placement (AP) is a program created by The College Board offering college- level courses and tests in high school.

Physical fitness is measured by whether OUSD students are in the “Healthy Fitness Zone” in all six fitness areas captured by the Physical Fitness Test. The test is administered to students in grades 5, 7, and 9, and it measures abdominal strength, aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, trunk extensor strength, and upper body strength. Students are assessed based on whether they meet standards in each of these areas and are categorized as “Healthy Fitness Zone,” “Needs Improvement,” or “Needs Improvement - Health Risk”.

This Indicator measures access to different types of financial institutions by zip code. “Good” institutions include banks, credit unions, and savings institutions. “Bad” institutions include check cashing services, money transfer services, and payday loan institutions. The ratio between the number of bad institutions and the number of good institutions is calculated for each zip code. A higher ratio of bad-to-good institutions means that there are disproportionately more bad institutions in a given zip code. The Indicator then measures the ratio of these ratios, comparing zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non- White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed.

This Indicator measures the percent of individuals who live in housing units that do not have complete plumbing facilities. Complete plumbing facilities include hot and cold water and a bathtub or shower.

This Indicator measures the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births from 2014- 2016.

The measurement is percent of OUSD students (in Grades 10, 11, and 12) by race/ethnicity who are not enrolled in a Linked Learning Pathway. According to OUSD, Linked Learning is a successful approach to education based on the idea that students work harder and dream bigger if their education is relevant to them. These pathways, also known as college and career pathways, are a set of high school courses and work-based learning experiences such as internships that link academic learning to real world careers and college majors.

This Indicator measures the likelihood of individuals living in overcrowded housing, which is defined as housing units that have more than 1.5 people per room. Persons-per-room is the most common measure for overcrowding in housing, and 1.5 is a widely accepted threshold above which there are impacts on health and personal safety. (Source: https://www.huduser.gov/publications/pdf/measuring_overcrowding_in_hsg.pdf)