This Indicator measures overall ratings for Oakland parks and compares average scores by City Council District. The overall ratings were based on an annual survey that assigned parks letter grades (A through F), which corresponded to scores (A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1 and F=0). In addition to Council District scores, the scores for parks surrounding Lake Merritt were reported as an average Lakeside score. The survey also included questions about greenery, amenities, recreation areas, and homeless encampments. For a map of the City Council Districts, see here: http://www2.oaklandnet.com/oakca1/groups/ceda/documents/image/oak044524.pdf.

Homelessness is measured by number of homeless individuals per 100,000 individuals in the general population. Homelessness data was available by race and ethnicity, separately. Both sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals are captured in the homelessness counts, to provide a fuller picture of the homeless population.

Bus frequency is measured as the average number of buses per hour along routes in and surrounding census tracts. For this Indicator, 100ft buffers were created around each group of census tracts in order to capture bus routes that did not fall completely inside census tract boundaries but were still important to include because they were very close. For each group of census tracts, bus frequency was averaged, taking into account the length of the route.

This Indicator measures the percent of renter households that are considered rent burdened by the race/ethnicity of the householder. Households that rent their homes are considered to be cost burdened when a household spends more than 30% of its annual household income on rent.

This Indicator measures the rate of use of force on subjects per 100,000 people in Oakland by race/ethnicity. Note: There were 10 incidents of use of force that were on a crowd. For these incidents, the number and race/ethnicity of subjects were not available. Therefore, each was counted as one incident in the Citywide total. This will somewhat undercount the true total of people subjected to use of force and will potentially misrepresent the true racial and ethnic breakdown as well.

This Indicator measures housing habitability complaints as a percent of total housing units by zip code as reported to the Oakland Code Enforcement Division. This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed.

This Indicator measures the rate of homicides in Oakland by race/ethnicity. Rate is calculated as the number of homicides per 100,000 people of the same race/ethnicity (of any age).

This Indicator measures the percent of streets that are in the High Injury Network for pedestrians over the five year period 2012-2016. This subset of the High Injury Network includes streets with the highest concentration of severe and fatal pedestrian injuries. The Indicator takes into account the length of each street segment in both the High Injury Network and the overall street network.

This Indicator measures severe mental illness related emergency department visits per 100,000 by race/ethnicity, from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015. Severe mental illness is often defined by its length of duration and the disability it produces. These illnesses include disorders that produce psychotic symptoms, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and severe forms of other disorders, such as major depression and bipolar disorder.

This Indicator measures median household income by the race/ethnicity of householders.