The Indicators chosen represent the best proxies we could find for the complex disparity themes we set out to measure. The following criteria were used to determining the indicators included in each of the topics in the final framework:
1. Data is available, high quality, and from a reliable source.
2. We will be able to calculate change over time (i.e., data is updated and accessible on an
annual basis and changes from year to year can be meaningfully interpreted).
3. There is a strong causal model for why this Indicator matters (i.e., we understand the
context behind the Indicator and how disparities affect people).
4. The data accurately represents the impact of inequity on people’s lives (e.g., not
measuring quantity when what matters is quality).

This Indicator measures the percent of homeowners who have a mortgage or loan on their homes. Outstanding debt distinguishes these homeowners from those who own their homes free and clear and no longer need to make mortgage or loan payments.

This Indicator measures the age-adjusted rate of chronic diseases preventable hospitalizations. “Preventable hospitalizations” are inpatient hospital stays that could have been avoided with improved access to and quality of outpatient care. They are measured by prevention quality indicators (PQIs). PQI #92, the chronic composite, is a summary measure which captures preventable hospitalizations from diabetes-related, respiratory-related and circulatory system-related preventable hospitalizations for adults, such as uncontrolled diabetes, asthma, and heart failure.(Source:http://www.healthyalamedacounty.org/indicators/index/view?indicatorId=2480&locale Id=238)

This Indicator compares zip codes in which more than 60% of the population is non-White to those in which more than 60% of the population is White. The third category of zip codes is those in which the population is racially and ethnically mixed. Data is from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015.

Prison incarceration rates are measured by the number of incarcerated individuals in prison per 100,000 population aged 18-69. This Indicator is measured for Alameda County, and the most recently available data is from 2015.

The measurement is percent of students by race/ethnicity who are not high school ready by the end of 8th grade. High school readiness is calculated by OUSD. A student is considered high school ready when all of the following have been met at the end of 8th grade: 1) Total weighted GPA of 2.5 of better, 2) School Attendance 96% or better, 3) No “Ds” or “Fs” in their core English and Math course grades in 8th grade, 4) No suspensions in 8th grade.

This Indicator measures the percent of individuals who live in housing units that do not have complete kitchen facilities. Complete kitchen facilities include a stove or range, a refrigerator, and a sink with a faucet.

The measurement is percent of OUSD students (in Grades 10, 11, and 12) by race/ethnicity who are not enrolled in a Linked Learning Pathway. According to OUSD, Linked Learning is a successful approach to education based on the idea that students work harder and dream bigger if their education is relevant to them. These pathways, also known as college and career pathways, are a set of high school courses and work-based learning experiences such as internships that link academic learning to real world careers and college majors.

This Indicator measures the percent of the population aged 16 and older who are neither working nor looking for work. Employed individuals, unemployed individuals who are looking for work and individuals in the armed forces are not included in this measure.

This Indicator measures the percent of students who are still enrolled in high school after four years. Data is also provided on percent who graduated/completed high school within four years and percent who dropped out. The most recent year of OUSD graduation data is from 2015-16, so the cohort began 9th grade in 2012-13. Students who leave OUSD (but not from dropping out) are removed from the cohort, and students who enroll after 9th grade are added. GED completion and Special Ed Certification are included as types of completion.

This Indicator measures substance abuse related emergency department visits per 100,000 by race/ethnicity, from 2013 through the third quarter of 2015. Substance abuse related emergency department visits refers to cases that involved non-medical use of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, or alcohol in combination with other drugs.